The Lord of The Flies by William Golding is a story about a group of boys who are stranded on a remote island with no adults and how they form a society and adapt to their new circumstances. The story explores how humans can descend into savagery without the presence of authority. The main character Ralph undergoes a substantial transformation through his experience on the island. The focus of this essay will be to analyze his transformation and what the author intended for him to represent.
As we begin the novel, we see Ralph as a charismatic natural leader who has a positive outlook on their circumstances. He believes that they can make progress via teamwork and that they needed organization to achieve teamwork. This is shown by the fact that he holds an election to choose a leader in which the boys elect him as chief. He also ensured that everyone had a chance to speak without interruption with a conch. He also believes they can be rescued if they keep a signal fire burning to attract attention from ships and airplanes. Thus, Ralph’s early character has a very positive outlook which sets the stage for his transformation through the rest of the novel.
Despite all the struggles Ralph goes through as a leader, his character continues to shine through. Golding depicts him as a thoughtful and intelligent young man who understands the importance of reason and logic. His entire colony had turned to savagery by the end of the story, leaving him the last one still trying to get the group to adhere to the rules and return to their initially civilized state. While he did not often show it, Ralph was a compassionate and sympathetic boy—especially towards Piggy for his physically unhealthy state—who really wanted the best for his group. Unfortunately, he did not get to help his group as much as he wanted to, as they neglected his orders, abandoned him, and turned to savagery.
As time passes, Ralph begins to struggle to maintain control as the boys begin to descend into savagery. He is challenged by Jack, another main character, who wants control over the group. Jack decides to split off into his own group, taking most of the boys with him. The new group paints their faces and goes around hunting and killing animals like savages. Meanwhile Ralph becomes increasingly frustrated at his group’s lack of discipline towards the goal of being rescued. His boys continue to play in the forest and the water, rather than building huts and maintaining a signal fire. Ralph’s inability to control the boys keeps growing as they disobey him and even abandon him—he was struggling to prevent their descent into savagery, as the darkness within their nature overpowers their discipline.
Not only does Ralph play a major role in the story, but he is also a very symbolic character. From the start to the finish, he has been trying to keep everyone completing tasks and using teamwork to contribute towards their survival. Even though he accepts his role as their leader and puts his best foot forward, eventually the entire group falls apart and the boys became an anarchical society of savages, harming and killing animals and humans alike without good reason. Golding uses Ralph to symbolize civilization and order, as he is the force that tried to hold the boys together. Therefore, his loss of control of the boys and the group’s descent into wild savages symbolizes the breakdown of human civilization and order in the face of chaos and anarchy.
While Ralph had rejected any form of uncivilized behavior throughout the novel, he himself begins a very gradual and subtle decline into a life of savagery. When he initially found himself stranded on the island, he was disgusted by the idea of killing animals, but later he participates in a brutal pig hunt with the other boys and even dances with the group around a cooking fire. Even later, Jack’s group murders his friend Piggy, and Ralph becomes infuriated. He violently attacks Jack, something he had been resisting for a long time, and the two boys brawl with spears. While his violent actions against Jack and the other savages were actions of self-defense, it is still uncivilized to be fighting other humans and killing animals rather than working as a group. So despite Ralph’s greatest efforts, he failed to hold the group together as they become wild, kill people, and even manhunt him for being the last boy against their clan. This is how Ralph’s previously civilized life had slowly deteriorated into a savage life of fighting, hunting, and running.
In conclusion, William Golding’s “The Lord of the Flies” explores the themes of power, control, and savagery through the character of Ralph, who undergoes a significant transformation throughout the novel. Ralph’s earnest attempts to maintain civilization among his group make him symbolic as a rational force bringing order amongst the boys. Golding uses this story as an implication that a civilization without property authority and control can deteriorate into savagery. The destruction of civilization starts with a few people breaking rules or laws, but when there are no consequences or retributions, the infection grows and human beings can turn to wild animals.
